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KMID : 1040320220290020110
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Pediatric Infection & Vaccine
2022 Volume.29 No. 2 p.110 ~ p.117
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Two Cases of Herpes Zoster Following Varicella Vaccination in Immunocompetent Young Children: One Case Caused by Vaccine-Strain
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Kim Da-Eun
Kang Hae-Ji
Han Myung-Guk
Yeom Hye-Young
Chang Sung-Hee
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Abstract
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Herpes zoster (HZ) has been reported in immunocompetent children who received the varicella vaccine. In vaccinated children, HZ can be caused by vaccine-strain or by wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Like wild-type VZV, varicella vaccine virus can establish latency and reactivate as HZ. We report two cases of HZ in otherwise healthy 16- and 14-month-old boys who received varicella vaccine at 12 months of age. They presented with a vesicular rash on their upper extremities three to four months after varicella vaccination. In one case, a swab was obtained by abrading skin vesicles and VZV was detected in skin specimens by polymerase chain reaction. The VZV open-reading frame 62 was sequenced and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed that the virus from skin specimen was vaccine-strain. This is the first HZ case following varicella vaccination confirmed to be caused by vaccine-strain VZV in the immunocompetent children in Korea. Pediatricians should be aware of the potential for varicella vaccine virus reactivation in vaccinated young children.
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KEYWORD
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Herpes zoster, Child, Chickenpox vaccine
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